SIMPLE PRESENT - PRESENTE SIMPLE
This Simple Present expresses an action in the present, is used to describe habitual actions or characteristics.
El Presente simple expresa una acción que ocurre en el presente, es usado para describir acciones o caracteristicas habituales.
Structure - Estructura
S + V
Sujeto + verbo principal.
I study English - Yo estudio Ingles
He plays soccer - El juega Futbol
I work in a office - Yo trabajo en una oficina
Negative Sentences - Frases negativas
Sujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to do") + auxiliar negativo ("not") + verbo principal.
Examples - Ejemplos:
I do not [don't] talk - Yo no hablo
He does not [doesn't] eat - Él no come
They do not [don't] learn - Ellos no aprenden
Interrogatives Sentences (Frases interagotivas)
Examples - Ejemplos:
Do you talk? (¿Hablas tú?)
Does he eat? (¿Come él?)
Do they learn? (¿Aprenden ellos?)
Si el verbo termina en "ss", "sh", "ch", "x", "o", al formar la 3era persona del singular se le añade "-es".
Infinitivo I / you / we / they He / she / it
To kiss (besar) I kiss He kisses
To watch (observar) I watch He watches
Si el verbo termina en "y" tras consonante, al formar la 3era persona del singular se sustituye esta "y" por una "i", seguida de la terminación "es".
Infinitivo I / you / we / they He / she / it
To carry (llevar) I carry He carries
To envy (envidiar) I envy He envies
Las oraciones negativas se forman con el auxiliar "to do", habitualmente en sus formas contraídas: "don't" (= do not) para las personas "I, you, we, they", y "doesn't" (= does not) para las personas "he, she, it".
I don't play tennis. Yo no juego al tenis
She doesn't go to the cinema. Ella no va al cine
We don't know the answer. Nosotros no sabemos la respuesta
La forma interrogativa se forma también con el auxiliar "to do" al comienzo de la oración ("do" con las personas "I, you, we, they"; "does" con "he, she, it").
Do you play tennis Juegas al tenis
Does she go to the cinema Va ella al cine
Do we know the answer Conocemos la respuesta
SIMPLE PAST - PASADO SIMPLE
Simple Past tense is used to describe actions that have happened in an earlier time and who have already completed.
El Pasado Simple es un tiempo que se usa para describir acciones que han sucedido en un tiempo anterior y que ya han finalizado.
Affirmative - Afirmativo
I Played - Yo jugué
Yoou Played - Tu Jugaste
He Played - El jugó
She Played - Ella jugó
It Played el jugó (objeto)
We Played Nosotros jugamos
You played - Ustedes jugaron
They Played - Ellos jugaron
Interrogative - Interrogativo
Did I play? ¿Jugué yo?
Did you play? ¿jugaste tu?
Did he play? ¿jugó él?
Did She play? ¿jugó élla?
Did it play? ¿jugó el? (objeto)
Did we play? ¿jugamos nosotros?
Did you play? ¿jugaron ustedes?
Did they play? ¿jugaron ellos?
Negative - Negativo
I did not - Yo no jugué
You did not - tú no jugaste
He did not play - El no jugó
She did not play - Ella no jugó
It did not play - El no jugo (objeto)
We did not play - Nosotros no jugamos
You did not play - Ustedes no jugaron
They did not play - Ellos no jugaron
I lost my keys. Yo perdí mis llaves (puede que en la actualidad ya las tenga)
I bought a car. Yo compré un carro (es posible que ya no tenga el carro)
Past form of regular verbs - Forma pasada de los verbos regulares
Se forma agregando "-ed" al infinitivo
Infinitivo - Pasado
To listen (escuchar) listened
To need (necesitar) needed
Cuando el infinitivo del verbo termina en "e", sólo se añade una "d"
Infinitivo - Pasado
To love (amar) loved
Cuando el infinitivo del verbo termina en "y", tras consonante, entonces esta letra "y" se transforma en "i" y se le añade "-ed".
Infinitivo - pasado
To carry (llevar) carried
To study (estudiar) studied
Cuando el infinitivo del verbo está formado por una sola sílaba, con una sola vocal y termina en consonante, entonces esta consonante se dobla:
Infinitivo - Pasado
To stop (parar) stopped
To ban (prohibir) banned
También se dobla la última consonante de aquellos verbos de dos o más silabas, cuyo acento recae en la última sílaba, y ésta contiene una sola vocal y finaliza en una sola consonante:
Infinitivo - Pasado
To admit (admitir) admitted
To prefer(preferir) preferred
Por último, se dobla también la última consonante de aquellos verbos cuyo infinitivo termina por "l", tras una única vocal:
Infinitivo - Pasado
To signal (señalar) signalled
To cancel (cancelar) cancelled
PRESENT CONTINUOUS - PRESENTE CONTINUO
It is used to describe actions that are developed at this time.
Es usado para describir acciones que se desarrollan en este momento.
Structure- Estructura
AFFIRMATIVE
Conjugate the helping verb "be" + verb + -ing.
I'm (I am) -> working today.
You're (You are) -> working today.
He's (He is) -> working today.
She's (She is) -> working today.
It's (It is) -> working today.
We're (We are) -> working today.
You're (You are) -> working today.
They're (They are) -> working today.
NEGATIVE
Conjugate the helping verb "be" + not + verb + -ing.
I'm not (I am not) -> coming this evening.
You aren't (You are not) -> coming this evening.
He isn't (He is not) -> coming this evening.
She isn't (She is not) -> coming this evening.
It isn't (It is not) -> coming this evening.
We aren't (We are not) -> coming this evening.
You aren't (You are not) -> coming this evening.
They aren't (They are not) -> coming this evening.
INTERROGATIVE
Question word + conjugate the helping verb 'be' + subject + verb + -ing
What -> are you -> doing this afternoon?
What -> is he -> doing this afternoon?
What -> is she -> doing this afternoon?
What -> is it -> doing this afternoon?
What -> are we -> doing this afternoon?
What -> are you -> doing this afternoon?
What -> are they -> doing this afternoon?
Past Progressive (Past Continuous)
Positive Negative Question
I / he / she / it I was speaking. I was not speaking. Was I speaking?
you / we / they You were speaking. You were not speaking. Were you speaking?
Examples: Ejemplos:
She was playing tennis. Ella estaba jugando al tenis
They were traveling. Ellos estaban viajando
Exceptions in spelling when adding ing Example
final e is dropped (but: ee is not changed) come – coming
(but: agree – agreeing)
after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled sit – sitting
l as final consonant after a vowel is doubled (in British English) travel – travelling
final ie becomes y lie – lying
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